Rocket family
Proton / UR-500
Soviet Union and Russia1965 to 2026Proton is the Soviet and then Russian heavy launcher, designed by Vladimir Chelomei's bureau as a giant missile and turned into a space rocket. Burning toxic hypergolic propellants, it sends Zond spacecraft around the Moon and Luna, Venera and Mars probes on their way, launches the Salyut stations, Mir and the Zvezda and Nauka modules of the International Space Station, and for two decades competes for commercial satellites.
- Launches
- 429
- Success rate
- 89%
- 31 failures · 15 partial
- First flight
- 1965
- UR-500
- Last flight
- 2026
- Proton-M Blok DM-03
- Rocket types
- 15
Launches per year
Show as table
| Year | Launches |
|---|---|
| 1965 | 2 |
| 1966 | 2 |
| 1967 | 4 |
| 1968 | 5 |
| 1969 | 10 |
| 1970 | 5 |
| 1971 | 6 |
| 1972 | 2 |
| 1973 | 7 |
| 1974 | 6 |
| 1975 | 5 |
| 1976 | 5 |
| 1977 | 5 |
| 1978 | 8 |
| 1979 | 6 |
| 1980 | 5 |
| 1981 | 7 |
| 1982 | 10 |
| 1983 | 12 |
| 1984 | 13 |
| 1985 | 10 |
| 1986 | 9 |
| 1987 | 13 |
| 1988 | 13 |
| 1989 | 11 |
| 1990 | 11 |
| 1991 | 9 |
| 1992 | 8 |
| 1993 | 6 |
| 1994 | 13 |
| 1995 | 7 |
| 1996 | 8 |
| 1997 | 9 |
| 1998 | 7 |
| 1999 | 9 |
| 2000 | 14 |
| 2001 | 6 |
| 2002 | 9 |
| 2003 | 5 |
| 2004 | 8 |
| 2005 | 7 |
| 2006 | 6 |
| 2007 | 7 |
| 2008 | 10 |
| 2009 | 10 |
| 2010 | 12 |
| 2011 | 9 |
| 2012 | 11 |
| 2013 | 10 |
| 2014 | 8 |
| 2015 | 8 |
| 2016 | 3 |
| 2017 | 4 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2021 | 2 |
| 2022 | 1 |
| 2023 | 2 |
| 2026 | 1 |
Proton / UR-500 rockets
| Rocket | Flown | Launches | Success rate | Height | Payload to LEO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UR-500 | 1965 to 1966 | 4 | 75% | 46.3 m | 8,400 kg |
| Proton / UR-500 K/D | 1967 to 1975 | 38 | 63% | 57 m | 12,200 kg |
| Proton-K | 1968 to 2000 | 29 | 90% | 50 m | 21,600 kg |
| Proton-K/DM | 1974 to 1990 | 66 | 91% | 59 m | 19,000 kg |
| Proton-K/D-1 | 1975 to 1989 | 12 | 92% | 57 m | 19,000 kg |
| Proton K/DM-2 | 1982 to 2012 | 110 | 94% | 57.2 m | 19,000 kg |
| Proton-K/D-2 | 1988 to 1996 | 3 | 100% | 57 m | 6,220 kg |
| Proton-K/DM-2M | 1994 to 2006 | 41 | 95% | 59 m | 19,000 kg |
| Proton-K/17S40 | 1997 to 2002 | 6 | 100% | 59 m | 6,000 kg |
| Proton-K/Briz-M | 1999 to 2003 | 4 | 75% | 57 m | 19,760 kg |
| Proton-M Briz-M | 2001 to 2023 | 68 | 91% | 53 m | 21,000 kg |
| Proton-M Briz-M Enhanced | 2004 to 2012 | 33 | 91% | 53 m | 21,000 kg |
| Proton-M DM-2 Enhanced | 2007 to 2010 | 6 | 100% | 53 m | 21,000 kg |
| Proton-M Blok DM-03 | 2010 to 2026 | 8 | 75% | 58.2 m | 21,000 kg |
| Proton-M | 2021 | 1 | 100% | 58.2 m | 23,000 kg |